New SAR image interpretation method of aircraft based on joint time-frequency analysis

With the continuous improvement of Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） resolution,interpreting the small targets like aircraft in SAR images becomes possible and turn out to be a hot spot in SAR application research.However,due to the complexity of SAR imaging mechanism,interpreting targets in SAR images is a tough problem.This paper presents a new aircraft interpretation method based on the joint time-frequency analysis and multi-dimensional contrasting of basic structures.Moreover,SAR data acquisition experiment is designed for interpreting the aircraft.Analyzing the experiment data with our method,the result shows that the proposed method largely makes use of the SAR data information.The reasonable results can provide some auxiliary support for the SAR images manual interpretation.     

NON-DESTRUCTIVE PAVEMENT LAYER THICKNESS MEASUREMENT USING EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION WITH GPR

Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） is an effective Non-Destructive Testing （NDT） technique for highway pavement surveys, which is able to acquire continuous pavement data compared with traditional core drilling method. In this study, we proposed an accurate and efficient method to estimate the thickness of each pavement layer using an air-coupled GPR system. For this work, the main difficulties are estimating each pavement layer＇s time delay and dielectric constant. We first give the basic signal model for pavement evaluation, and then present an Intrinsic Mode Functions （IMFs） product detector to determine each pavement layer＇s time delay. This method is based on Empirical Mode Decomposition （EMD）, which is an adaptive signal decomposition procedure and proved to be suitable for suppressing noises in GPR signal. The dielectric constant was determined by metal reflection measurement. The laboratory and highway experiments illustrate that the proposed thickness estimation method yields reasonable result, thus meets the requirements of practical highway pavement survey with massive GPR data.     

L至S波段高效率超宽带功率放大器设计

针对超宽带功率放大器(UWB PA)匹配电路的设计难点,提出一种结合连续型功放理论、多谐波双向牵引低损耗匹配(LLM)技术以及切比雪夫低通滤波器阻抗变换原理的超宽带功率放大器设计方法。并利用此方法设计一款基于CREE公司CGH40025F-Ga N HEMT,工作频带为400-3900MHz的超宽带功率放大器。实验结果表明:在输入功率为30d Bm(1W)时,增℃为12.25±0.75dB,输出功率大于41.5dBm(14.1W),功率附加效率(PAE)为41-65.1%,噪声系数(NF)控制在2.5dB以内,功率附加效率较同等带宽设备有近10%的提升。     

分布式天基空间监视雷达编队构形

为克服地基观测系统时空监视能力的限制，提出分布式天基空间监视雷达编队的定位原理，并在平均定位误差最小的意义下对三星编队构形进行设计。其主雷达采用收发的工作方式，而2颗辅助雷达只进行接收。三星的几何布局在轨道运行过程中为动态变化，变化过程由三星构形决定。     

Upward-looking ground-penetrating radar for monitoring snowpack stratigraphy

Operational remote monitoring of snowpack stratigraphy, melt water intrusions and their evolution with time for forecasting snowpack stability is not possible to date. Determination of the spatial variability of snowpack conditions on various scales requires a number of point measurements with various methods. These methods are either destructive or do not provide information about the internal structure of the snowpack. The application of a remotely controlled non-destructive sensor system would help to gain a higher spatio-temporal resolution about information of the snowpack. In this study we present results from upward-looking ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys from horizontal caves dug in the front wall of snow pits at the bottom of the snowpack. GPR data are compared with vertical profiles of snow hardness and density, obtained in the snow pit. Data were acquired in different areas with varying snow conditions with various GPR impulse systems, frequencies and polarizations. Radar experiments with high frequencies (> 1 GHz) detect internal layers in the snowpack in dry snow, but fail to provide clear reflections at the upper snow-air transition because of attenuation. In wet snow, the radar signals < 1 GHz are capable to penetrate a meter-thick snowpack and detect the snow surface, although the signal is strongly attenuated. Analysis of reflection phases and magnitudes allows interpretation of their physical origin in terms of changes in electrical permittivity. Varying antenna polarization causes a strongly different signal response, likely caused by the snow-pit wall present in our set-up. Forward calculation of density-based reflection coefficients between neighboring layers of varying hardness yields ambiguous results in terms of correspondence with observed radar reflections apart except for interferences of neighboring reflections. Moreover, we identify several pitfalls for future applications. The system set-up used here represents a basis for further developments towards a system, which is capable of improving information on the spatial and temporal snowpack characteristics.     

Cross-Well Radar. I: Experimental Simulation of Cross-Well Tomography and Validation

This paper explains and evaluates the potential and limitations of conducting cross-well radar (CWR) in sandy soils. Implementing the experiment and data collection in the absence of any scattering object, and in the presence of an acrylic plate [a representative of dielectric objects, such as dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) pools, etc.], as a contrasting object in a water-saturated soil is also studied. To be able to image the signature of any object, more than one pair of receiving and transmitting antennas are required. The paper describes a method to achieve repeatable, reliable, and reproducible laboratory results for different transmitter-receiver combinations. Different practical methods were evaluated for collecting multiple-depth data. Similarity of the corresponding results and problems involved in each method are studied and presented. The data show that the frequency response of a saturated coarse-grained soil is smooth due to the continuous and dominant nature of water in saturated soils. The repeatability and potential symmetry of patterns across some borehole axes provide a valuable tool for validation of experimental results. The potential asymmetry across other borehole axes is used as a tool to evaluate the strength of the perturbation on the electromagnetic field due to hidden objects and to evaluate the feasibility of detecting dielectric objects (such as DNAPL pools, etc.) using CWR. The experimental simulation of this paper models a real-life problem in a smaller scale, in a controlled laboratory environment, and within homogeneous soils that are uniformly dry or fully water saturated, with a uniform dielectric property contrast between the inclusion and background. The soil in the field will not be as homogeneous and uniform. The scaling process takes into consideration that as the size is scaled down; the frequency needs to be scaled up. It is noteworthy that this scaling process needs to be extensively studied and validated for future extension of the models to real-field applications. For example, to extend the outcome of this work to the real field, the geometry (antenna size, their separation and inclusion size) needs to be scaled up back to the field size, while soil grains will not. Therefore, soil, water, and air coupling effects and interactions observed at the laboratory scale do not scale up in the field, and may have different unforeseen effects that require extensive study.     

Activation cross sections of the Yb(p,xn)Lu reaction for indirect production of the therapeutic radionuclide Yb

Activation cross sections of the ^natYb(p,xn)¹⁶⁹Lu reaction have been measured for the first time up to 70 MeV to investigate the production possibility of the radionuclide ¹⁶⁹Yb through decay of its parent ¹⁶⁹Lu. The cross sections were measured using the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma spectrometry. The experimental data were compared with the results of the ALICE-IPPE theoretical model code. Different production routes were compared for the internal radiotherapy related radioisotope ¹⁶⁹Yb. Above 30 MeV proton energy the integral yield of the ^natYb(p,xn)¹⁶⁹Lu reaction is higher than that of the earlier investigated ¹⁶⁹Tm(p,n)¹⁶⁹Yb, ¹⁶⁹Tm(d,2n)¹⁶⁹Yb, ^natEr(α,xn)¹⁶⁹Yb, ^natYb(α,x)¹⁶⁹Lu and ^natHf(p,x)¹⁶⁹Lu reactions at the equivalent particle energies.     

Multipath channel identification by using global optimization in ambiguity function domain

A new transform domain array signal processing technique is proposed for identification of multipath communication channels. The received array element outputs are transformed to delay-Doppler domain by using the cross-ambiguity function (CAF) for efficient exploitation of the delay-Doppler diversity of the multipath components. Clusters of multipath components can be identified by using a simple amplitude thresholding in the delay-Doppler domain. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be used to identify parameters of the multipath components in each cluster. The performance of the proposed PSO-CAF technique is compared with the space alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE) technique and with a recently proposed PSO based technique at various SNR levels. Simulation results clearly quantify the superior performance of the PSO-CAF technique over the alternative techniques at all practically significant SNR levels.     

DEFORM-3D在楔横轧成形模拟中的应用

介绍了有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D及其模块结构,并通过楔横轧成形实例分析介绍了该软件在网格划分、应力和应变分析、温度分析、点的跟踪、载荷分析等方面的典型应用。